Spelling IS NOT
the same as PRONUNCIATION!
44
Sounds
7 Short Vowels→/i /, /ʊ/, /ʌ/, /ɒ /, /ə/, /e/,
/æ/
5 Long Vowels→/iː/, /u:/, /ɑː/, /ɔː/, /ɜ:/
8 Diphthongs→ /iə/, /ʊə/, /ai/, /ɔi/, /əʊ/, /eə/,
/aʊ/, /ei/
24 Consonants→/p/ , /t/,
/tʃ/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/,
/b/, /d/, /dʒ/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/,/m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /h/, /l/, /r/,
/w/, /j/
The 7 Short Vowel Sounds
1. æ → e - a arası, kısa ea, ağzı açarak e
cat, had, hat, fat, bat
The fat man had a hat.
2. e / ɛ → normal e
(Türkçe’deki açık e), kısa eı
set, get, let, met
Let me get the set.
***Türkçe’de e
Açık e→ ege,egemen,şeker,şeftali,şener,eğlence,şen,eylem
Kapalı e→dedi,eski gece,mendil,temsil.benzin,elli
3. ɒ → o - a arası, kısa
oa, o’ya yakın
on, hot, box, want
It’s hot in the box.
4. ʊ → ı - u arası, kısa
ıu, dudağı uzatarak u
good, would, could, should
I would if I could but I don’t know if I
should.
5. i /ı → ı-i arası, kısa
iı
did, it, hit, bit, kiss, miss
Did he kiss?
I fit my fitbit onto my wrist.
6. ʌ→ a -ı arası, kısa
aı
but, butter, tongue
But the butter is kaput!
7. ə (schwa)→ı benzeri, kısa ıa, açık ı, ağzı a der gibi aç ı de
banana, a/an, about, another,
the
I want another banana or an apple.
***5 ünlü (a e
ı o u + y) →ə sesiyle
okunabilir
balloon,banana,problem,family,support,analysis
***ə (schwa): unstressed syllables(vurgusuz heceler) →yutulur
The 5 Long Vowel Sounds
1.
i: → uzun i
we,she,he,sheep,cheap,Jeep
We liked the cheap jeep.
2.
ɜː→ ı-ö arası, uzun ıö
fur,her,were.third
3.
ɑː →uzun a
***British English R r /a:/ →car /ka:/
car,bar,far
My car was outside the bar and it’s very far…
4.
ɔː →uzun o, dar o, normal o
four , tall, door,
***walk /w ɔːk/, talk /t ɔːk/
5.
uː→ uzun u, uzun üu
rude,food,dude
The dude was rude when he was eating food.
The 8 Diphtong Vowel Sounds
1. /ɪə/ → ıyı
beer,near,hear,fear
I fear the beer hall is not near here.
2. /ʊə/ → uı
tour, poor
3. /eə/ → eı
air, pear, hair, there, where
4. /eɪ/ → ey
hey, stay, lay, bay, day
That day, I didn’t pay to stay in the bay.
5. /ɔɪ/ → oy
boy, toy, joy
6. /aɪ/ → ay
sky,why,high,die
7. /əʊ/ → ou
snow,no, boat,show,go,row, coat,
Oh no, It’s snowing!
8. /aʊ/ →au
now, how, mouth
The 24 Consonant Sounds
b → bad, lab
d → did, lady
f → find, if
g → give, flag
h → how, hello
j → yes, yellow
k → cat, back
l→ leg, little
n→ no, ten
ŋ→ sing, finger
p→ pet, map
r→ red, try
s→ sun, miss
ʃ→ she, crash
t→ tea, getting
tʃ→ check, church
θ→ think, both
ð→ this, mother
v→ voice, five
w→ wet, window
z→ zoo, lazy
ʒ→ pleasure, vision
dʒ→ just, large
*** ‘ before
the stressed syllable in a word
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